Newton and his far simpler maths which explain the attraction between the Sun and Jupiter.
There is no need for Relativity. It explains nothing, while Newtonian physics is understandable, accessible and provable. It also assumes an aether.
Newton: “May not planets and comets, and all gross bodies, perform their motions more freely, and with less resistance in this aethereal medium than in any fluid, which fills all space adequately without leaving any pores, and by consequence is much denser than quick-silver and gold? And may not its resistance be so small, as to be inconsiderable?
For instance, if this aether (for so I will call it) should be supposed 700,000 times more elastick than our air, and above 700,000 times more rare; its resistance would be above 600,000,000 times less than that of water. And so small a resistance would scarce make any sensible alteration in the motions of the planets in ten thousand years.”
(Isaac Newton, Opticks, Fourth edition, 1730, Question 22. Newton addresses the issue of ether from Questions 18-31, mostly in reference to the travel of light through an aether.)
Newtonian mechanics work best in the aether. This is rarely taught.
Gymanstics
Previously we went through the tortured gymnastics used by the Einstein cult to mathematically describe the gravitational attraction between the Sun and the largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter, King of the Greek and Roman gods.
The purported proofs for Relativity don’t exist and are propaganda. The mathematics do not resolve the issues with Newtonian mechanics, supposedly in evidence in areas of high density or gravity, or near to the speed of light. Newtonian physics ably explains the attraction between planets.
Newtonianism does not fully explain why planets are aligned in their orbits given it does not reference the Euler or Coriolis forces. But Newtonian mechanics is simpler, provable and experimentally valid – unlike Relativity. It does empirically explain what we view in real life and in the cosmos. It is based on an aether, and as with the aether, there is no need to overturn it or destroy it with Einstein’s fantasy worlds of made-up maths.
Problem statement: ‘What is the gravitational attraction between Jupiter and the Sun’. Let’s start with a comparison of mass.
Comparison of Jupiter with the Sun:
Sun’s Radius: 696.000 Km; Jupiter’s ~69,900 km or 10 x smaller
Sun’s Mass: 1.989 x 10^30 kg; Jupiter’s ~1.8989 x 10 ^ 27 kg or about 1000 times smaller
These masses are difficult to measure for accuracy in reality, but these are the standard scientific figures used. The Sun is 1000 times bigger in mass than Jupiter, though its diameter is only about 10 times greater, indicating a massive solar density. Within our Solar System the Sun contains about 99.85% of the total mass. We can see that even with a planet as large as Jupiter, the gravitational attraction of the Sun must be immense.
Newton’s method summarised
Step 1: Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
The foundation of the Newtonian solution is Newton's law of universal gravitation, where, F is the gravitational force between two objects; G is the gravitational constant; m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects (Sun and Jupiter); r is the distance between their centres.
Step 2. Newton's Second Law of Motion.
We can also use Newton's second law of motion: F=ma, where, F is the force acting on an object; m is the mass of the object (Jupiter); a is the acceleration of the object.
We can setup the equations. Input the masses based on Newtonian physics (using gravity). Note that in a previous post we outlined some of the issues with assuming these constants.
Mass of the Sun (m₁): 1.989 × 10^30 kg
Mass of Jupiter (m₂): 1.898 × 10^27 kg
Average distance between the Sun and Jupiter (r): 7.783 × 10^11 meters
Gravitational constant (G): 6.674 × 10^-11 N(m/kg)²
Put it all together. Newton’s Gravitational equation: F = F * (m1*m2)/r2):
Result: The gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and Jupiter is approximately 4.159 × 10^23 Newtons. This is the average force, as the distance between the Sun and Jupiter varies slightly due to Jupiter's elliptical orbit.
What does it mean? To translate a force of 4.159 × 10^23 Newtons under Earth's gravity (where gravity acceleration = 9.8 m/s²), we can use F=MA:
m = (4.159 × 10^23 N) / (9.8 m/s²)
m ≈ 4.244 × 10^22 kg
A force of 4.159 × 10^23 Newtons, is equal to a mass of approximately 4.244 × 10^22 kg in the Earth's gravity. This is equal to: 424,400,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg or 424.4 sextillion kilograms! The author has no idea what this number means. It is incomprehensible. By means of comparison:
1 million is 10^6 (1 followed by 6 zeros).
1 billion is 10^9 (1 followed by 9 zeros).
1 trillion is 10^12 (1 followed by 12 zeros).
1 quadrillion is 10^15 (1 followed by 15 zeros).
1 quintillion is 10^18 (1 followed by 18 zeros).
1 sextillion is 10^21 (1 followed by 21 zeros).
1 sextillion is beyond anyone’s imagination to understand. The 2 numbers calculated above are different but related:
The 4.159 x 10^23 Newtons, is a measurement of the force between the Sun and Jupiter.
This force is Newtonian gravity which is the force of attraction between any two objects that have mass. The more mass that an object has, the more gravitational force it exerts.
The 424 sextillion kgs, is a mass that would feel that same force, if it was on the surface of the Earth. It is only used to give a sense of the scale of the gravitational force that the Sun possesses even on a huge planet like Jupiter.
Mass is a Newton measurement, indicating a weight or mass that is independent of gravity. Weight is a kg or pound measurement, which is dependent on gravity and will vary based on gravitational density. An example is the moon rover or jeep supposedly driven on the lunar surface, which has an Earthly mass or weight or 500 pounds, but only 60 or so pounds on the lunar surface.
Barycentre
There is an important concept called the ‘barycentre’. Within the Sun-Jupiter system the barycentre is the center of mass around which both the Sun and Jupiter orbit. It's the point around which both objects move. This will give rise to views that Jupiter for example, does not really orbit the Sun.
Because the Sun is so much more massive than Jupiter, the barycentre is located very close to the Sun's center, but not exactly at its centre, and this might give the impression that Jupiter’s orbit is truncated. It could mean that the Sun itself actually ‘wobbles’ slightly as Jupiter orbits it.
To calculate the barycentre, we need to consider the masses of the two objects and the distance between them. Again we can use basic Newtonian maths to do this.
1) The distance of the barycentre from the Sun, can be found by using the formula. r(sun) = (m(jupiter) / (m(sun) + m(jupiter))) * r (distance between)
r=radius, m =mass
2) Using the values from above:
r(sun) = (1.898 × 10^27 kg / (1.989 × 10^30 kg + 1.898 × 10^27 kg)) * 7.783 × 10^11 meters
r(sun) = (1.898 × 10^27 / 1.990898 × 10^30) * 7.783 × 10^11 meters
r(sun) = (0.0009533) * 7.783 × 10^11 meters
r(sun) = 7.419 * 10^8 meters.
Result: The barycentre is approximately 741,900 kilometres. What does this mean? The Sun's radius is approximately 696,000 kilometres. Given the barycentre calculation lies at 741,000 kilometres this is 45.000 km greater, meaning that the barycentre is roughly 45.000 km above the Sun's surface.
This gives us some indication of the relationship between the 2 bodies. The intersection of ‘attraction’ between the Sun and Jupiter is roughly 45.000 km above the Sun’s surface. Without the anti-patterns of the Coriolis and Euler forces, Jupiter would be consumed by the Sun. These are Newton’s ‘fictitious’ forces. Newton was well aware that forces must exist to prevent the ingestion of planets by our Sun.
Bottom Line
If you compare Newtonian maths to those of Relativity you will see why Newton’s mechanics are both simpler and more provable than the Einstotle’s tortured, book long, constant and dependent ridden tautologies. Newtonian physics ably describes both the movement of Jupiter and its gravitational relationship with the Sun. Newtonianism is based on an aether as the quote at the beginning of this post indicated. There is no need for real science to jettison the reality of the aether, nor the observable and provable dynamics of Newton’s theories.
A key principle in technology and ‘science’ is simplicity. Apocryphally, standard ‘science’ declares that Einstein’s contorted philosophy is elegant and straightforward. This is a lie. It takes a small book to torture maths and constants to derive the same answer as Newton’s understandable and transparent equations.
Relativity is massively complicated and its explications are not understood by more than a few acolytes steeped in the divine magic of their creator’s glory, informed by the holy spirit of mathematical theatrics and garb. As Tesla described it, Relativity is in essence magic and philosophy, not ‘science’.
There is simply no need for Relativity.
All hail.
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"University Physics with Modern Physics" by Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, 2020
NASA planetary fact sheets are routinely updated, NASA's Jupiter Fact Sheet, NASA's Sun Fact Sheet
